![]() The flexure response of FRPs has been the subject of continued investigation. Ĭonventional laminate composites are sensitive to out-of-plane loading, as they are weaker in the through-the-thickness direction than in the plane of lamination. Longitudinal tensile failure of UD CFRPs having low interfacial bonding strength displays a splitting/broom fracture behavior, while those having a high interfacial bond display a step-like/brittle fracture behavior. Modification of the interface could affect fracture modes of unidirectional (UD) CFRPs, resulting in disparate mechanical properties. One of the most efficient methods to ameliorate the capability of composites is to select a reasonable combination of reinforcement and matrix. Good interfacial adhesion allows more effective stress transfer from the matrix to the reinforcement, enhancing the ultimate strength. ![]() The sensitivity of the mechanical behavior of composites materials to the fiber/matrix interfacial bond strength has long been realized. Lots of methods to improve the mechanical properties of CFRPs such as reasonable structure optimization (hybrid reinforcements, layup and so on), fiber treatment, post-treatment, and micro- or nano-scale filler doping have been carried out. The properties of CFRPs are related to lots of factors such as properties of raw materials, fiber orientation, manufacturing processes and compatibility between fiber and resin. Lots of present traditional materials, metal for instance, were gradually substituted by some new replacements such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs). Subscriptions These items are not eligible for return.Įxchanges: Contact ACI’s Customer Services Department for options (+1. now, fiber reinforced plastics (FRPs) have given rise to a wide range of engineering applications of types of materials to various application fields including aerospace and aircraft structure, yachts as well as wind generator blades and other products on the account of their outstanding mechanical properties, lightweight and longer service life. Return shipping fees are the customer’s responsibility.Įlectronic /Downloaded Products & Online Learning Courses: These items are not eligible for return. Printed / Hard Copy Products: The full and complete returned product will be accepted if returned within 60 days of receipt and in salable condition. For a listing of and access to all product errata, visit the Errata are not included for collections or sets of documents such as the ACI Collection. Document Detailsįormats: PDF, ePub, or Kindle Table of ContentsĬHAPTER 3-BASIS OF CODE CRITERIA FOR TRANSVERSE LIVE LOAD DISTRIBUTIONģ.3-Empirical formulas for transverse live load distributionģ.4-AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridgesģ.5-AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specificationsģ.7-American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way AssociationĬHAPTER 4-SUMMARY AND USE OF REFINED METHODS OF ANALYSISĤ.5-Three-dimensional frame analysis methodĬHAPTER 5-IN-SERVICE EVALUATION AND LOAD RATING OF CONCRETE BRIDGESĥ.3-Load distribution for in-service evaluation and load ratingĥ.5-Characterizing lateral load distribution from load testingĬHAPTER 6-CASE STUDIES OF ANALYSIS METHODS AND LOAD TESTSĦ.4-Simply supported concrete girder bridges (with concrete decks)Ħ.5-Continuous concrete girder bridges (with concrete decks)Ħ.6-Steel girder bridges (with concrete decks)Īny applicable errata are included with individual documents at the time of purchase. Keywords: bridge analysis bridge load rating distribution factor equivalent beam analysis finite element grillage analysis live load testing load resistance transverse flexural load distribution. While this report is limited to flexural live load distribution, it provides the foundation for a future committee guide on the in-service evaluation of concrete bridges. The report also provides performing bridge load ratings with a practical synopsis of the various methods available for determining the live load distribution factor. A series of case studies are presented in the latter part of the report to serve as a comparison summary of commonly used live load distribution methods and their performance in describing the behavior of in-service structures. Included in the report are descriptions, a brief history, and background of the flexural load distribution phenomena and a summary of design and analysis methods used to describe the phenomena in practice. This report is intended to provide engineers, including load rating engineers, with basic guidance on the methods and tools available for determining live load distribution behavior of in-service bridges. Flexural live load distribution is critical to describing how loads are transmitted through a bridge system. This report provides a synthesis of the topic of flexural live load distribution and its applicability to concrete bridges.
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